“Luxembourg, a small nation with a big voice, echoing throughout the European landscape.” – Lex Heijnen
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Luxembourg, officially known as the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small landlocked country located in Western Europe. It covers a total land area of 2,586 square kilometers and shares borders with Belgium, Germany, and France. As of 2026, the country boasts a growing population of 693,916 residents, nearly half of whom are foreign nationals. Luxembourg is renowned for holding the world's highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (nominal and PPP), making it an international economic and financial powerhouse.
There are several regions in this small country: Éislek (Oesling): The northern third of the nation, characterised by the rugged, rolling hills of the Ardennes mountain range and dense forests. Its highest point is Kneiff, sitting at 560 meters above sea level. Guttland (Bon Pays): The southern two-thirds of the country, featuring fertile agricultural lands, rolling countryside, and the capital, Luxembourg City. Specialist Sub-Regions: The east features the rocky gorges and cliffs of the Mullerthal region (often called "Little Switzerland"), while the southeast is home to the scenic Moselle vineyard valley.
There are several regions in this small country: Éislek (Oesling): The northern third of the nation, characterised by the rugged, rolling hills of the Ardennes mountain range and dense forests. Its highest point is Kneiff, sitting at 560 meters above sea level. Guttland (Bon Pays): The southern two-thirds of the country, featuring fertile agricultural lands, rolling countryside, and the capital, Luxembourg City. Specialist Sub-Regions: The east features the rocky gorges and cliffs of the Mullerthal region (often called "Little Switzerland"), while the southeast is home to the scenic Moselle vineyard valley.
As a founding member of the European Union, Luxembourg City serves as one of the de facto institutional capitals of the EU, hosting major bodies like the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Investment Bank. The Head of State is the Grand Duke Henri, who handles formal constitutional rights. The Head of Government is Prime Minister Luc Frieden, who directs executive power through the government. A unicameral parliament known as the Chamber of Deputies, comprised of 60 members elected every five years, handles the legislature. Thus, Luxembourg functions under a unique unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy, holding the distinction of being the world's only remaining Grand Duchy.
It is a highly diverse, cosmopolitan, and multilingual society: The nation has three administrative languages. Luxembourgish is the designated national language; French is the legislative language; and German, French, and Luxembourgish are all used collectively for administrative matters. The population features an extensive foreign-born community making up over 47% of the citizenry. The largest minority groups include Portuguese (13.2%) and French (7.2%) nationals. On March 1, 2020, Luxembourg became the first country in the world to make all public transport nationwide completely free for both residents and tourists.
Vianden Castle (seen here) is one of Europe's largest, most beautifully restored, and most impressive feudal residences from the Romanesque and Gothic periods. Perched majestically on a hilltop overlooking the town of Vianden and the Our River in northern Luxembourg, it has been recognized by CNN as one of the 21 most beautiful castles in the world. Originally built between the 11th and 14th centuries on the foundations of a Roman outpost and Carolingian refuge, the fortress served for centuries as the seat of the powerful Counts of Vianden before passing to the House of Nassau. After being sold off piece by piece and falling into complete ruin in the 19th century, it was transferred to state ownership in 1977 and painstakingly restored to its former glory.