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Its capital and largest city is Ufa. As of 2025, it has a population of 4,046,094. Bashkortostan was established on 28 November [O.S. 15 November] 1917. On 20 March 1919, it was transformed into the Bashkir ASSR, the first autonomous republic in the Russian SFSR. On 11 October 1990, it adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. In the Constitution of Bashkortostan and Constitution of Russia, Bashkortostan is defined as a state.
The name "Bashkortostan" derives from the name of the Bashkir ethnic group. While the endonym having various theories on its meaning, the most prominent is being a combination of Turkic words baş, meaning 'head', 'chief', 'main', 'principal' and qurt meaning 'wolf' (one of the animals regarded as sacred to Turkic peoples); the suffix -stan is Persian, commonly used for many Eurasian territorial names. Bashkirs speak the Bashkir language, which belongs to the Kipchak branch of the Turkic language group.
The famous statue of the rider in Ufa is the Monument to Salavat Yulaev. Salavat Yulayev ia a Bashkir national hero, who fought for the independence of his homeland. The monument is a bronze sculpture on a reinforced concrete pedestal, lined with granite, and is located on the bank of the Belaya River.
