“Valour is
stability, not of legs and arms, but of courage and the soul.” - Michel de Montaigne
Saint Eustace,
also known as St Eustathius, was a Christian martyr who lived in the 2nd
century AD. The saint is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church and is also
commemorated in the Orthodox Church, on September 20.
According to
legend, prior to his conversion to Christianity, Eustace was a Roman general
named Placidus, who served the emperor Trajan. While hunting a stag in Tivoli
near Rome, Placidus saw a vision of Jesus crucified, between the stag’s
antlers. He was immediately converted, had himself and his family baptised, and
changed his name to Eustace (Greek: Ευστάθιος - Eustathios, “most stable”, or
Ευστάχιος, Eustachios, “rich crop”).
A series of
calamities followed to test his faith: His wealth was stolen; his servants died
of a plague; when the family took a sea voyage, the ship’s captain kidnapped
Eustace’s wife Theopista; and as Eustace crossed a river with his two sons
Agapius and Theopistus, the children were taken away by a wolf and a lion. Like
Job, Eustace lamented but did not lose his faith. He was then quickly restored
to his former prestige and reunited with his family; but when he demonstrated
his new faith by refusing to make a pagan sacrifice, the emperor, Hadrian,
condemned Eustace, his wife, and his sons to be roasted to death inside a
bronze statue of a bull or an ox, in the year AD 118. The d’Afflitto dynasty,
one of the oldest princely families in Italy, claims to be the direct
descendant of Saint Eustace.
He is one of the
patron saints of Madrid, Spain. Scenes from the story, especially Eustace
kneeling before the stag, became a popular subject of medieval religious art.
Early artistic depictions of the legend include a wall painting at Canterbury
Cathedral and stained glass windows at the Cathedral of Chartres. He is
considered to be the patron saint of hunters.
St Eustache in
Paris is a church in the 1st arrondissement. The present building was built
between 1532 and 1632. Situated at the entrance to Paris’s ancient markets (Les
Halles) and the beginning of rue Montorgueil, St Eustache is considered a
masterpiece of late Gothic architecture. The church’s reputation was strong
enough of the time for it to be chosen as the location for a young Louis XIV to
receive communion. Mozart also chose the sanctuary as the location for his
mother’s funeral. Among those baptised here as children were Richelieu,
Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, future Madame de Pompadour and Molière, who was also
married here in the 17th century. The last rites for Anne of Austria, Turenne
and Mirabeau were pronounced within its walls. Marie de Gournay is buried
there. The island of Sint Eustatius in the Caribbean Netherlands is named after
him.
The Catholic
church also celebrates a second St Eustace. While his date of birth unknown, it
is recorded he died 29 March, 625 AD. He was second abbot of the Irish
monastery of Luxeuil in France, and his feast is commemorated in the Celtic
martyrologies on the 29th of March. He was one of the first companions of St.
Columbanus, a monk of Bangor (Ireland), who with his disciples did much to spread
the Gospel over Central and Southern Europe. When Columbanus, the founder of
Luxeuil, was banished from the Kingdom of Burgundy, on account of his reproving
the morals of King Thierry, the exiled abbot recommended his community to
choose Eustace as his successor.